Scripture: These also are proverbs of Solomon which the men of Hezekiah king of Judah copied. Proverbs 25:1
Observation: What follows this introductory sentence to chapter 25 are ... proverbs, of course. They are wise statements, and some are very, very similar to other sayings documented in Proverbs. From the pure perspective of study and analysis, and keeping in mind Hezekiah was king of Judah almost 400 years after Solomon, this makes the introductory sentence interesting. There are three possible readings of these proverbs due to this introduction.
First, these are simply more proverbs of Solomon that Hezekiah and his men found and decided to re-transcribe and add to the overall collection of proverbs. This understanding is best supported by the life and deeds of Hezekiah himself, who made it is his mission to clean up and restore the Temple. It is stated that, in so doing, he found old documents, which prompted him to take actions and make orders, even including the reinstatement of Passover. The idea he would have found a scroll attributed as Solomon's wise sayings, and thus had it transcribed and included in the collection, is simple and easy to believe.
Second, another interpretation is that these are wise sayings of Hezekiah, which he declared to others. He made and taught these statements to his men, and they are in a form and style identical to similar wisdom from Solomon, and therefore "proverbs of Solomon" is a description of both their structure and quality, not origin. This understanding is supported by the idea this chapter is designated separate from the rest of the proverbs, and by the time involved. Again, there are centuries between Solomon and Hezekiah, and Hezekiah was a good king who also aligned himself to Yahweh. It makes sense that God would reveal similar wisdom to him, and as his royal court had a lot to learn (it had forgotten so much about God) he needed to pronounce this wisdom. Again, this is a very supportable idea.
Third, there is a reading of this that actually makes Hezekiah a passive participant in this collection of wisdom, and (interestingly) this may be the reading best supported by the actual sentence. This sentence really says ... these are proverbs of Solomon, and the men of Hezekiah (his advisors) chose to write these select few down. By this reading, the advisors reviewed Proverbs, selected the key wisdom that could best serve the current situation of Judah and of Hezekiah as king, and organized them as a core document to direct them. It is almost an internal policy document for Hezekiah's cabinet. Besides being the simplest interpretation of the language, this understanding is supported by the content, as the proverbs focus on the behavior of advisors and those who stand before the king. In other words, the advisors were reminding themselves that they are to be good, worthy, upright, honest, and humble.
Application: Yes, I decided to get my old "English Lit" geek on today, and I love that I can do that with the bible. Even as I pray to the Holy Spirit for wisdom and understanding in what I read, I realize that sometimes the response is ... "maybe this simple thing means a LOT of things, tell me what you see!".
If I were writing the three-page essay for class, I could dive into all three, but personally I like the third. Not because I think it's right, but because I like the storytelling. Hezekiah is a good king; His court is trying to understand how to serve a good king properly; They turn to Solomon's wisdom for advice and find key entries that apply to them; They extract them, write them down, and begin to define their work and advice and behavior around them; In so doing, they strengthen Hezekiah because now they are giving good advice, bringing only proper cases before him, and keeping evil influence away.
I like that story far better than, "we found an old scroll and rewrote it," or "hey, Hezekiah said some wise stuff, too." I know, in my heart, the first thing about the old scroll is probably the truth ... but I like the story of the third option.
In the end, the bible isn't telling us a story for entertainment ... but it is telling us the story of the Lord, all about the God we honor and worship, and about his plan for eternal unity with us and his love for us, and as with most things we remember and relate best when we learn through an emotional connection to a story. A good story makes us connect and relate, and that's what our relationship with the Lord and with Jesus is about, relation and connection that in turn drives love and obedience and joy and wonder and repentance and honor and worship.
Prayer: Lord, you are so much more than a story to me. That said, I love the way you teach, the way you communicate in ways that evoke stories, emotions, and even ambiguity and metaphor in need of exploration. Thank you for a good story today. Amen.